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User icon An illustration of a person’s head a. Read more. October 16, Forgot your password? Create an account. Register for an account. Acronis True Image is an integrated backup and recovery software.

It ensures the security of all of the information on your PC. It can back up your documents, photos, email, partitions, and even the entire disk drive, including operating system, applications, settings and all of your data.

Backups allow you to recover your computer system should a disaster occur, such as losing data, accidentally deleting critical files or folders, or suffering a complete hard disk crash. Online Backup allows you to store your files and disks on Acronis Cloud. Kun ohjelma on ladattu ja asennettu, avustaja neuvoo sinua Windows n asetusten valinnassa.

Valitse Windows n kieli, tuoteversio ja arkkitehtuuri tai bittinen. Varmistaaksesi koneen sammumisen valitse kirjautumisruudulta tai aloitusvalikosta virtapainike ja valitse Sammuta.

Jos latasit Windows n ISO-tiedoston, tiedosto tallennetaan paikallisesti valitsemaasi sijaintiin. Napsauta ISO-tiedostoa hiiren kakkospainikkeella ja valitse Ominaisuudet. Haluatko asentaa Windows n tietokoneeseesi? There are several legendary accounts of the origin of the city. One tells of members of a Slavic tribe Eastern Polans , brothers Kyi the eldest, after whom the city was named Shchek and Khoryv, and their sister Lybid, who founded the city See the Primary Chronicle. Where the city is now he erected a cross, where a church later was built.

Since the Middle Ages an image of Saint Michael has represented the city as well as the duchy. There is little historical evidence pertaining to the period when the city was founded. Scattered Slavic settlements existed in the area from the 6th century, but it is unclear whether any of them later developed into the city.

On the Ptolemy world map there are several settlements indicated along the mid-stream of Borysthenes , among which is Azagarium, which some historians believe to be the predecessor to Kyiv. However, according to the Dictionary of Ancient Geography of Alexander Macbean , that settlement corresponds to the modern city of Chernobyl.

Just south of Azagarium, there is another settlement, Amadoca, which is supposed as the capital of Amadoci people [73] living in area between marshes of Amadoca in the west and Amadoca mountains in the east.

Another name for Kyiv mentioned in history, the origin of which is not completely clear, is Sambat, which apparently has something to do with the Khazar Empire.

They founded this town and died, and now we are staying and paying taxes to their relatives the Khazars”. In De Administrando Imperio , Constantine Porphyrogenitus mentions a caravan of small-cargo boats which assembled annually, and writes, “They come down the river Dnieper and assemble at the strong-point of Kyiv Kioava , also called Sambatas”.

The texts of those authors were discovered by Russian orientalist Alexander Tumansky. The Primary Chronicles state that at some point during the late 9th or early 10th century Askold and Dir, who may have been of Viking or Varangian descent, ruled in Kyiv. They were murdered by Oleg of Novgorod in , but some historians, such as Omeljan Pritsak and Constantine Zuckerman , dispute that, arguing that Khazar rule continued as late as the s among notable historical documents are the Kyivan Letter and Schechter Letter.

Other historians suggest that Magyar tribes ruled the city between and , before migrating with some Khazar tribes to the Carpathian Basin. The Primary Chronicles also mention movement of Hungarians pass Kyiv. To this day in Kyiv exists a place known as ” Uhorske urochyshche ” Hungarian place , [75] which is better known as Askold’s Grave.

The three names appear in the Kyiv Chronicle as Kyi, Shchek, and Khoryv and may be not of Slavic origin, as Russian historians have always struggled to account for their meanings and origins. The city of Kyiv stood on the trade route between the Varangians and the Greeks. In the nomadic Pechenegs attacked and then besieged the city. In the s, the city was besieged and ravaged several times by different Rus princes. The city had not recovered from these attacks when, in , the Mongol invasion of Rus’ , led by Batu Khan , completed the destruction of Kyiv.

These events had a profound effect on the future of the city and on the East Slavic civilization. Before Bogolyubsky’s pillaging, Kyiv had had a reputation as one of the largest cities in the world, with a population exceeding , in the beginning of the 12th century.

The Tatars , who also claimed Kyiv, retaliated in —, so while Kyiv was ruled by a Lithuanian prince, it had to pay tribute to the Golden Horde. Occupied by Russian troops since the Treaty of Pereyaslav , Kyiv became a part of the Tsardom of Russia from on the Truce of Andrusovo and enjoyed a degree of autonomy.

None of the Polish-Russian treaties concerning Kyiv have ever been ratified. Shevchenko worked as a field researcher and editor for the geography department. The medical faculty of Saint Vladimir University, separated into an independent institution in — during the Soviet period, became the Bogomolets National Medical University in During the 18th and 19th centuries, Russian military and ecclesiastical authorities dominated city life; [ citation needed ] the Russian Orthodox Church had involvement in a significant part of Kyiv’s infrastructure and commercial activity.

In the late s the historian, Mykola Kostomarov Russian: Nikolay Kostomarov , founded a secret political society, the Brotherhood of Saint Cyril and Methodius, whose members put forward the idea of a federation of free Slavic peoples with Ukrainians as a distinct and separate group rather than a subordinate part of the Russian nation; the Russian authorities quickly suppressed the society. Following the gradual loss of Ukraine’s autonomy, Kyiv experienced growing Russification in the 19th century by means of Russian migration, administrative actions and social modernization.

At the beginning of the 20th century the Russian speaking part of the population dominated the city centre, while the lower classes living on the outskirts retained Ukrainian folk culture to a significant extent.

During the Russian industrial revolution in the late 19th century, Kyiv became an important trade and transportation centre of the Russian Empire, specialising in sugar and grain export by railway and on the Dnieper river.

By , the city had also become a significant industrial centre, having a population of , Landmarks of that period include the railway infrastructure, the foundation of numerous educational and cultural facilities, and notable architectural monuments mostly merchant-oriented.

In , the first electric tram line of the Russian Empire started running in Kyiv the third in the world. Kyiv prospered during the late 19th century Industrial Revolution in the Russian Empire, when it became the third most important city of the Empire and the major centre of commerce of its southwest.

In the turbulent period following the Russian Revolution , Kyiv became the capital of several successive Ukrainian states and was caught in the middle of several conflicts: World War I , during which German soldiers occupied it from 2 March to November , the Russian Civil War of to , and the Polish—Soviet War of — During the last three months of , Kyiv was intermittently controlled by the White Army.

Kyiv changed hands sixteen times from the end of to August From to , the city formed part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic , which became a founding republic of the Soviet Union in The major events that took place in Soviet Ukraine during the interwar period all affected Kyiv: the s Ukrainization as well as the migration of the rural Ukrainophone population made the Russophone city Ukrainian-speaking and bolstered the development of Ukrainian cultural life in the city; the Soviet Industrialization that started in the late s turned the city, a former centre of commerce and religion, into a major industrial, technological and scientific centre; the — Great Famine devastated the part of the migrant population not registered for ration cards; and Joseph Stalin ‘s Great Purge of — almost eliminated the city’s intelligentsia [91] [92] [93].

In , Kyiv became the capital of Soviet Ukraine. The city boomed again during the years of Soviet industrialization as its population grew rapidly and many industrial giants were established, some of which exist today. Axis forces killed or captured more than , Soviet soldiers in the great encirclement Battle of Kyiv in Most of those captured never returned alive.

Allegedly in response to the actions of the NKVD, the Germans rounded up all the local Jews they could find, nearly 34,, [95] and massacred them at Babi Yar in Kyiv on 29 and 30 September It is estimated that the Germans murdered more than , people of various ethnic groups, mostly civilians, at Babi Yar during World War II.

Kyiv recovered economically in the post-war years, becoming once again the third-most important city of the Soviet Union. The catastrophic accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in occurred only km 62 mi north of the city.

However, the prevailing south wind blew most of the radioactive debris away from Kyiv. In the course of the collapse of the Soviet Union the Ukrainian parliament proclaimed the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine in the city on 24 August In —, the city played host to the largest post-Soviet public demonstrations up to that time, in support of the Orange Revolution.

From November until February , central Kyiv became the primary location of Euromaidan. Geographically, Kyiv is located on the border of the Polesia woodland ecological zone, a part of the European mixed woods area, and the East European forest steppe biome.

However, the city’s unique landscape distinguishes it from the surrounding region. Kyiv is completely surrounded by Kyiv Oblast. Originally on the west bank, today Kyiv is located on both sides of the Dnieper , which flows southwards through the city towards the Black Sea.

The older and higher western part of the city sits on numerous wooded hills Kyiv Hills , with ravines and small rivers. Kyiv’s geographical relief contributed to its toponyms , such as Podil means lower , Pechersk caves , and uzviz a steep street, “descent”.

Kyiv is a part of the larger Dnieper Upland adjoining the western bank of the Dnieper in its mid-flow, and which contributes to the city’s elevation change.

The northern outskirts of the city border the Polesian Lowland. Kyiv expanded into the Dnieper Lowland on the left bank to the east as late as the 20th century. Significant areas of the left bank Dnieper valley were artificially sand-deposited, and are protected by dams.

Within the city the Dnieper River forms a branching system of tributaries , isles, and harbors within the city limits. The city is close to the mouth of the Desna River and the Kyiv Reservoir in the north, and the Kaniv Reservoir in the south. Both the Dnieper and Desna rivers are navigable at Kyiv, although regulated by the reservoir shipping locks and limited by winter freeze-over. In total, there are bodies of open water within the boundaries of Kyiv, which include the Dnieper itself, its reservoirs, and several small rivers, dozens of lakes and artificially created ponds.

They occupy hectares. Additionally, the city has 16 developed beaches totalling hectares and 35 near-water recreational areas covering more than 1, hectares. Many are used for pleasure and recreation, although some of the bodies of water are not suitable for swimming. According to the UN evaluation, there were no risks of natural disasters in Kyiv and its metropolitan area.

The highest ever temperature recorded in the city was The municipality of the city of Kyiv has a special legal status within Ukraine compared to the other administrative subdivisions of the country. The most significant difference is that the city is considered as a region of Ukraine see Regions of Ukraine. It is the only city that has double jurisdiction.

The Head of City State Administration — the city’s governor — is appointed by the president of Ukraine , while the Head of the City Council — the mayor of Kyiv — is elected by local popular vote. Most key buildings of the national government are located along Hrushevskoho Street vulytsia Mykhaila Hrushevskoho and Institute Street vulytsia Instytutska. The city state administration and council is located in the Kyiv City council building on Khreshchatyk Street. The oblast state administration and council is located in the oblast council building on ploshcha Lesi Ukrayinky Lesya Ukrayinka Square.

The seat of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The growing political and economic role of the city, combined with its international relations, as well as extensive internet and social network penetration , [] have made Kyiv the most pro-Western and pro-democracy region of Ukraine; so called National Democratic parties advocating tighter integration with the European Union receive most votes during elections in Kyiv.

Historically located on the western right bank of the river, the city expanded into the left bank only in the 20th century. Most of Kyiv’s attractions as well as the majority of business and governmental institutions are located on the right bank.

The eastern “Left Bank” is predominantly residential. There are large industrial and green areas in both the Right Bank and the Left Bank. Kyiv is further informally divided into historical or territorial neighbourhoods, each housing from about 5, to , inhabitants.

The first known formal subdivision of Kyiv dates to when the city was subdivided into 4 parts: Pechersk , Starokyiv, and the first and the second parts of Podil.

In — according to Tsar Nicholas I ‘s decree, Kyiv was subdivided into 6 police raions districts ; later being increased to During the Soviet era, as the city was expanding, the number of raions also gradually increased.

These newer districts of the city, along with some older areas were then named in honour of prominent communists and socialist-revolutionary figures; however, due to the way in which many communist party members eventually, after a certain period of time, fell out of favour and so were replaced with new, fresher minds, so too did the names of Kyiv’s districts change accordingly.

Under Oleksandr Omelchenko mayor from to , there were further plans for the merger of some raions and revision of their boundaries, and the total number of raions had been planned to be decreased from 10 to 7. With the election of the new mayor-elect Leonid Chernovetsky in , these plans were shelved. Each raion has its own locally elected council with jurisdiction over a limited scope of affairs.

According to the official registration statistics, there were 2,, residents within the city limits of Kyiv in July According to the All-Ukrainian Census , the population of Kyiv in was 2,, According to the census, some 1,, Comparing the results with the previous census shows the trend of population ageing which, while prevalent throughout the country, is partly offset in Kyiv by the inflow of working age migrants.

Some 1,, people had higher or completed secondary education, a significant increase of The June unofficial population estimate based on amount of bakery products sold in the city thus including temporary visitors and commuters gave a number of at least 3.

According to the census data, more than nationalities and ethnic groups reside within the territory of Kyiv. Ukrainians constitute the largest ethnic group in Kyiv, and they account for 2,, people, or Russians comprise , The Jews of Kyiv are first mentioned in a 10th-century letter. The Jewish population remained relatively small until the nineteenth century.

On the eve of World War I, the city’s Jewish population was over 81, Jews began returning to Kyiv at the end of the war, but experienced another pogrom in September Modern Kyiv is a mix of the old Kyiv preserved about 70 percent of more than 1, buildings built during — [] and the new, seen in everything from the architecture to the stores and to the people themselves. When the capital of the Ukrainian SSR was moved from Kharkiv to Kyiv many new buildings were commissioned to give the city “the gloss and polish of a capital”.

The plans of building massive monuments of Vladimir Lenin and Stalin were also abandoned, due to lack of money in the s—s and because of Kyiv’s hilly landscape. As a result, Kyiv’s central districts provide a dotted contrast of new, modern buildings among the pale yellows, blues and greys of older apartments. Urban sprawl has gradually reduced, while population densities of suburbs has increased. The most expensive properties are located in the Pechersk, and Khreshchatyk areas.

It is also prestigious to own a property in newly constructed buildings in the Kharkivskyi Raion or Obolon along the Dnieper. Ukrainian independence at the turn of the millennium has heralded other changes. Western-style residential complexes, modern nightclubs , classy restaurants and prestigious hotels opened in the centre. And most importantly, with the easing of the visa rules in , [] Ukraine is positioning itself as a prime tourist attraction, with Kyiv, among the other large cities, looking to profit from new opportunities.

The centre of Kyiv has been cleaned up and buildings have been restored and redecorated, especially Khreshchatyk and Maidan Nezalezhnosti. Many historic areas of Kyiv, such as Andriyivskyy Descent , have become popular street vendor locations, where one can find traditional Ukrainian art , religious items, books, game sets most commonly chess as well as jewellery for sale.

Kyiv’s most famous historical architecture complexes are the St. Noteworthy historical architectural landmarks also include the Mariinskyi Palace designed and constructed from to , then reconstructed in , several Eastern Orthodox churches such as St. Michael’s Cathedral , St. Andrew’s , St. Vladimir’s , the reconstructed Golden Gate and others. One of Kyiv’s widely recognized modern landmarks is the highly visible giant Mother Motherland statue made of titanium standing at the National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the Second World War on the Right bank of the Dnieper.

Among Kyiv’s best-known monuments are Mikhail Mikeshin ‘s statue of Bohdan Khmelnytsky astride his horse located near St. Sophia Cathedral , the venerated Vladimir the Great St. Vladimir , the baptizer of Rus’ , overlooking the river above Podil from Saint Vladimir Hill , the monument to Kyi, Shchek and Khoryv and Lybid, the legendary founders of the city located at the Dnieper embankment. On Independence Square in the city centre, two monuments elevate two of the city protectors; the historic protector of Kyiv Michael Archangel atop a reconstruction of one of the old city’s gates and a modern invention, the goddess-protector Berehynia atop a tall column.

Intercession Convent. Nicholas Roman Catholic Cathedral. National Bank of Ukraine. Brodsky Choral Synagogue – Moorish Revival architecture. Kyiv was the historic cultural centre of the East Slavic civilization and a major cradle for the Christianization of Kyivan Rus. Kyiv retained through centuries its cultural importance and even at times of relative decay, it remained the centre of primary importance of Eastern Orthodox Christianity.

Its sacred sites, which include the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra the Monastery of the Caves and the Saint Sophia Cathedral are probably the most famous, attracted pilgrims for centuries and now recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site remain the primary religious centres as well as the major tourist attraction. The above-mentioned sites are also part of the Seven Wonders of Ukraine collection. In Kyiv had four theatres, one opera house and one concert hall, [] but most tickets then were allocated to “privileged groups”.

Numerous songs and paintings were dedicated to the city. Some songs became part of Russian, Ukrainian and Jewish folklore. The most popular songs are “How not to love you, Kyiv of mine?

It is said that one can walk from one end of Kyiv to the other in the summertime without leaving the shade of its many trees. Kyiv is known as a green city with two botanical gardens and numerous large and small parks. The National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the Second World War is located here, which offers both indoor and outdoor displays of military history and equipment surrounded by verdant hills overlooking the Dnieper river.

Among the numerous islands, Venetsianskyi or Hydropark is the most developed. It is accessible by metro or by car, and includes an amusement park, swimming beaches, boat rentals, and night clubs. The Victory Park Park Peremohy located near Darnytsia subway station is a popular destination for strollers, joggers, and cyclists. Boating, fishing, and water sports are popular pastimes in Kyiv. The area lakes and rivers freeze over in the winter and ice fishermen are a frequent sight, as are children with their ice skates.

The centre of Kyiv Independence Square and Khreschatyk Street becomes a large outdoor party place at night during summer months, with thousands of people having a good time in nearby restaurants, clubs and outdoor cafes. The central streets are closed for auto traffic on weekends and holidays. Andriyivskyy Descent is one of the best known historic streets and a major tourist attraction in Kyiv. A wide variety of farm produce is available in many of Kyiv’s farmer markets with the Besarabsky Market located in the very centre of the city being most famous.

Each residential region has its own market, or rynok. Here one will find table after table of individuals hawking everything imaginable: vegetables, fresh and smoked meats, fish, cheese, honey, dairy products such as milk and home-made smetana sour cream , caviar , cut flowers, housewares, tools and hardware, and clothing. Each of the markets has its own unique mix of products with some markets devoted solely to specific wares such as automobiles, car parts, pets, clothing, flowers, and other things.

At the city’s southern outskirts, near the historic Pyrohiv village, there is an outdoor museum , officially called the Museum of Folk Architecture and Life of Ukraine It has an area of 1. This territory houses several “mini-villages” that represent by region the traditional rural architecture of Ukraine. Kyiv also has numerous recreational attractions like bowling alleys, go-cart tracks, paintball venues, billiard halls and even shooting ranges.

The year-old Kyiv Zoo is located on 40 hectares and according to CBC “the zoo has 2, animals from species”. Kyiv is home to some 40 different museums. Kyiv fortress is the 19th-century fortification buildings situated in Ukrainian capital Kyiv, that once belonged to western Russian fortresses. These structures once a united complex were built in the Pechersk and neighbourhoods by the Russian army.

Some of the buildings are restored and turned into a museum called the Kyiv Fortress , while others are in use in various military and commercial installations.

The Golden Gate is a historic gateway in the ancient city’s walls. The name Zoloti Vorota is also used for a nearby theatre and a station of the Kyiv Metro. The small Ukrainian National Chernobyl Museum acts as both a memorial and historical center devoted to the events surrounding the Chernobyl disaster and its effect on the Ukrainian people, the environment, and subsequent attitudes toward the safety of nuclear power as a whole. Of these three, Dynamo Kyiv has had the most success over the course of its history.

Other prominent non-football sport clubs in the city include: the Sokil Kyiv ice hockey club and BC Budivelnyk basketball club. Both of these teams play in the highest Ukrainian leagues for their respective sports. Budivelnyk was founded in , Sokil was founded in , during the existence of the Soviet Union. Both these teams play their home games at the Kyiv Palace of Sports. During the Summer Olympics held in the Soviet Union, Kyiv held the preliminary matches and the quarter-finals of the football tournament at its Olympic Stadium , which was reconstructed specially for the event.

From 1 December , the stadium underwent a full-scale reconstruction in order to satisfy standards put in place by UEFA for hosting the Euro football tournament; the opening ceremony took place in the presence of president Viktor Yanukovich on 8 October , [] with the first major event being a Shakira concert which was specially planned to coincide with the stadium’s re-opening during Euro Most Ukrainian national teams play their home international matches in Kyiv. The Ukraine national football team , for example, will play matches at the re-constructed Olympic Stadium from Since introducing a visa-free regime for EU-member states and Switzerland in , Ukraine has seen a steady increase in the number of foreign tourists visiting the country.

A record number of 1. More than , foreign tourists visited Kyiv in the first half of , as compared to , tourists over the same period in Ordinary tourists generally come from May to October, and business tourists from September to May. In , the Kyiv city’s council established the city’s anthem.

The horse chestnut tree is one of the symbols of Kyiv. As with most capital cities , Kyiv is a major administrative, cultural and scientific centre of the country. It is the largest city in Ukraine in terms of both population and area and enjoys the highest levels of business activity. On 1 January , there were around , business entities registered in Kyiv. Official figures show that between and Kyiv’s economy outstripped the rest of the country’s, growing by an annual average of Kyiv is a middle-income city, with prices comparable to many mid-size American cities i.

Kyiv is the undisputed center of business and commerce of Ukraine and home to the country’s largest companies, such as Naftogaz Ukrainy , Energorynok and Kyivstar. Average prices of apartments are the highest in the country and among the highest in eastern Europe.

In May , Kyiv authorities presented a year development strategy which calls for attracting as much as EUR82 billion of foreign investment by to modernize the city’s transport and utilities infrastructure and make it more attractive for tourists. Primary industries in Kyiv include utilities — i. Scientific research is conducted in many institutes of higher education and, additionally, in many research institutes affiliated with the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.

Kyiv is home to Ukraine’s ministry of education and science , and is also noted for its contributions to medical and computer science research. It offers a completely new format of IT education.

The education is completely free for all trainees subject to compliance with the terms of the program. Of these, the Mohyla Academy is the oldest, founded as a theological school in , but Shevchenko University, founded in , is the oldest in continuous operation. The total number of institutions of higher education in Kyiv approaches , [] allowing young people to pursue almost any line of study.

While education traditionally remains largely in the hands of the state there are several accredited private institutions in the city. There are about general secondary schools and about nursery schools and kindergartens in Kyiv. There are many libraries in the city with the Vernadsky National Library , which is Ukraine’s main academic library and scientific information centre , as well as one of the world’s largest national libraries , being the largest and most important one.

The national library is the world’s foremost repository of Jewish folk music recorded on Edison wax cylinders. Local public transportation in Kyiv includes the Metro, buses and minibuses , trolleybuses , trams , taxi and funicular.

There is also an intra-city ring railway service. The publicly owned and operated Kyiv Metro is the fastest, the most convenient and affordable network that covers most, but not all, of the city.

The Metro is expanding towards the city limits to meet growing demand, having three lines with a total length of The Metro carries around 1. In , the total number of trips exceeded million. The tram system consists of Once a well maintained and widely used method of transport, the system is now gradually being phased out in favor of buses and trolleybuses. The Kyiv Funicular was constructed during — It connects the historic Uppertown , and the lower commercial neighborhood of Podil through the steep Saint Vladimir Hill overseeing the Dnieper River.

The line consists of two stations. All public road transport except for some minibuses is operated by the united Kyivpastrans municipal company. It is heavily subsidized by the city. The Kyiv public transport system, except for taxi, uses a simple flat rate tariff system regardless of distance traveled: tickets or tokens must be purchased each time a vehicle is boarded.

 
 

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Kun ohjelma on ladattu ja asennettu, avustaja neuvoo sinua Windows n asetusten valinnassa. Valitse Windows n kieli, tuoteversio ja arkkitehtuuri tai bittinen. Varmistaaksesi koneen sammumisen valitse kirjautumisruudulta tai aloitusvalikosta virtapainike ja valitse Sammuta. Jos latasit Windows n ISO-tiedoston, tiedosto tallennetaan paikallisesti valitsemaasi sijaintiin. Napsauta ISO-tiedostoa hiiren kakkospainikkeella ja valitse Ominaisuudet.

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