«Я должен поскорее выбраться отсюда!» – сказал он. После множества поворотов и коротких рывков Беккер оказался на перекрестке трех улочек с табличкой «Эскуина-де-лос-Рейес» и понял, что уже был здесь минуту-другую. Притормозив, он задумался, в какую сторону повернуть, и в этот момент мотор его «веспы» кашлянул и заглох.

Стрелка топливного индикатора указывала на ноль.

 
 

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Overview. Parallels, Inc. is a developer of desktop and server virtualization software. History. Released on June 15, , it was the first software product to bring mainstream virtualization to Macintosh computers utilizing the Apple–Intel architecture (earlier software products ran PC software in an emulated environment).. Its name initially was ‘Parallels Workstation for Mac . FreeBSD as a Guest on Parallels Desktop for macOS® FreeBSD as a Guest on VMware Fusion for macOS® FreeBSD as a Guest on VirtualBox™ FreeBSD as a Host with VirtualBox™ FreeBSD as a Host with bhyve; FreeBSD as a Xen™-Host; Chapter Localization – i18n/L10n Usage and Setup. Synopsis; Using. Download a full-featured free day trial of Parallels Desktop Pro Edition ; Purchase Windows 10 directly from Parallels Desktop. Learn about basic Parallels Desktop features upon completing Windows installation. Learn about Coherence™ view mode upon first entering. Learn about working with Shared Profile folders when deleting Mac files from. Jun 28,  · The default fonts that ship with Xorg are less than ideal for typical desktop publishing applications. Large presentation fonts show up jagged and unprofessional looking, and small fonts are almost completely unintelligible. However, there are several free, high quality Type1 (PostScript®) fonts available which can be readily used with Xorg.

 

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Since it is fast, light, and efficient, it is ideal for older or slower machines with memory limitations. Xfce uses D-Bus for a message bus. This application is automatically installed as dependency of Xfce. An alternate method is to use XDM. Desktop effects can cause quite a load on the graphics card. For an nVidia-based graphics card, the proprietary driver is required for good performance.

Users of other graphics cards can skip this section and continue with the xorg. To determine which nVidia driver is needed see the FAQ question on the subject. Having determined the correct driver to use for your card, installation is as simple as installing any other package.

The driver will create a kernel module, which needs to be loaded at system startup. Use sysrc 8 to load the module at startup:. To immediately load the kernel module into the running kernel issue a command like kldload nvidia.

However, it has been noted that some versions of Xorg will not function properly if the driver is not loaded at boot time. With the kernel module loaded, you normally only need to change a single line in xorg. Start the GUI as usual, and you should be greeted by the nVidia splash. Everything should work as usual. Locate the “Subsection” that refers to the screen resolution that you wish to use.

For example, if you wish to use x, locate the section that follows. If the desired resolution does not appear in any subsection, you may add the relevant entry by hand:. When the installation is finished, start your graphic desktop and at a terminal, enter the following commands as a normal user :.

Your screen will flicker for a few seconds, as your window manager e. Emerald takes care of the window decorations i. You may convert this to a trivial script and have it run at startup automatically e. Save this in your home directory as, for example, start-compiz and make it executable:. To actually select all the desired effects and their settings, execute again as a normal user the Compiz Config Settings Manager:.

If the mouse does not work, you will need to first configure it before proceeding. In recent Xorg versions, the InputDevice sections in xorg. To restore the old behavior, add the following line to the ServerLayout or ServerFlags section of this file:. Input devices may then be configured as in previous versions, along with any other options needed e. This section contains partially outdated information.

As previously explained the hald daemon will, by default, automatically detect your keyboard. For example if, one wants to use a PC keys keyboard coming with a french layout, we have to create a keyboard configuration file for hald called xinput. This file should contain the following lines:. If this file already exists, just copy and add to your file the lines regarding the keyboard configuration.

It is possible to do the same configuration from an X terminal or a script with this command line:. The xorg. Open the file in a text editor such as emacs 1 or ee 1. If the monitor is an older or unusual model that does not support autodetection of sync frequencies, those settings can be added to xorg.

Most monitors support sync frequency autodetection, making manual entry of these values unnecessary. For the few monitors that do not support autodetection, avoid potential damage by only entering values provided by the manufacturer. The xset 1 program controls the time-outs and can force standby, suspend, or off modes. If you wish to enable DPMS features for your monitor, you must add the following line to the monitor section:. While the xorg. This is defined in the “Screen” section:.

The DefaultDepth keyword describes the color depth to run at by default. This can be overridden with the -depth command line switch to Xorg 1.

The Modes keyword describes the resolution to run at for the given color depth. In the example above, the default color depth is twenty-four bits per pixel. At this color depth, the accepted resolution is by pixels.

One of the tools available to assist you during troubleshooting process are the Xorg log files, which contain information on each device that the Xorg server attaches to. The exact name of the log can vary from Xorg.

If all is well, the configuration file needs to be installed in a common location where Xorg 1 can find it. The Xorg configuration process is now complete. Xorg may be now started with the startx 1 utility. The Xorg server may also be started with the use of xdm 8. See the agp 4 driver manual page for more information. This will allow configuration of the hardware as any other graphics board.

Note on systems without the agp 4 driver compiled in the kernel, trying to load the module with kldload 8 will not work. This section assumes a bit of advanced configuration knowledge. If attempts to use the standard configuration tools above have not resulted in a working configuration, there is information enough in the log files to be of use in getting the setup working. Use of a text editor will be necessary.

Examples of some common screen resolutions for aspect ratios are:. At some point, it will be as easy as adding one of these resolutions as a possible Mode in the Section “Screen” as such:. If those ModeLines do not exist in the drivers, one might need to give Xorg a little hint. Simply look for information resembling this:. This information is called EDID information. Creating a ModeLine from this is just a matter of putting the numbers in the correct order:.

So that the ModeLine in Section “Monitor” for this example would look like this:. The most common would be:. This is usually the case when you upgrade Xorg. Wayland is a new software for supporting graphical user interfaces, but it differs from Xorg in several important ways. First, Wayland is only a protocol that acts as an intermediary between clients using a different mechanism which removes the dependency on an X server.

Xorg includes both the X11 protocol, used to run remote displays and the X server will accept connections and display windows. Under Wayland, the compositor or window manager provides the display server instead of a traditional X server. Second, Wayland can manage composite communications between clients and a compositor as a separate entity which does not need to support the X protocols.

Wayland is relatively new, and not all software has been updated to run natively without Xwayland support. Because Wayland does not provide the X server, and expects compositors to provide that support, X11 window managers that do not yet support Wayland will require that Xwayland is not started with the -rootless parameter.

The -rootless parameter, when removed, will restore X11 window manager support. The current NVidia driver should work with most wl-roots compositors, but it may be a little unstable and not support all features at this time. Currently, a lot of software will function with minimal issues on Wayland, including Firefox.

And a few desktops are also available, such as the Compiz Fusion replacement, known as Wayfire, and the i3 window manager replacement, Sway. To use Plasma under Wayland, use the startplasma-wayland parameter to ck-launch-session and tie in dbus with: ck-launch-session dbus-run-session startplasma-wayland to get it working. For compositors, a kernel supporting the evdev 4 driver must exist to utilize the keybinding functionality.

This is built into the GENERIC kernel by default; however, if it has been customized and evdev 4 support was stripped out, the evdev 4 module will need to be loaded. In addition, users of Wayland will need to be members of the video group. To quickly make this change, use the pw command:. Installing Wayland is simple; there is not a great deal of configuration for the protocol itself.

Most of the composition will depend on the chosen compositor. By installing seatd now, a step is skipped as part of the compositor installation and configuration as seatd is needed to provide non-root access to certain devices. Begin by installing the following packages:. Once the protocol and supporting packages have been installed, a compositor must create the user interface.

Several compositors will be covered in the following sections. All compositors using Wayland will need a runtime directory defined in the environment, which can be achieved with the following command in the bourne shell:.

It is recommended that an alias be configured for each compositor to load the designated configuration file. Consider that scenario when reviewing the configuration examples in the following sections. The seatd daemon helps manage access to shared system devices for non-root users in compositors; this includes graphics cards. For traditional X11 managers, seatd is not needed, such as both Plasma and GNOME, but for the Wayland compositors discussed here, it will need enabled on the system and be running before starting a compositor environment.

To enable and start the seatd daemon now, and on system initialization:. Afterward, a compositor, which is similar to an X11 desktop, will need to be installed for the GUI environment. Three are discussed here, including basic configuration options, setting up a screen lock, and recommendations for more information. Wayfire is a compositor that aims to be lightweight and customizable.

Several features are available, and it brings back several elements from the previously released Compiz Fusion desktop. All of the parts look beautiful on modern hardware. To get Wayfire up and running, begin by installing the required packages:.

The alacritty package provides a terminal emulator. Still, it is not completely required as other terminal emulators such as kitty , and XFCE-4 Terminal have been tested and verified to work under the Wayfire compositor.

Wayfire configuration is relatively simple; it uses a file that should be reviewed for any customizations. To begin, copy the example file over to the runtime environment configuration directory and then edit the file:. The defaults for most users should be fine. Within the configuration file, items like the famous cube are pre-configured, and there are instructions to help with the available settings. A few primary settings of note include:. The position places the output at a specific pixel location specified.

The default should be fine for most users. Finally, transform sets a background transform, and scale will scale the output to the specified scale factor. The defaults for these options are generally acceptable; for more information, see the documentation. As mentioned, Wayland is new, and not all applications work with the protocol yet.

At this time, sddm does not appear to support starting and managing compositors in Wayland. The swaylock utility has been used instead in these examples. The configuration file contains options to run swayidle and swaylock for idle and locking of the screen. This option to define the action to take when the system is idle is listed as:. Most of the configuration mentions this key, and it is the traditional Windows key on the keyboard. Most keyboards have this super key available; however, it should be remapped within this configuration file if it is not available.

For example, to lock the screen, press and hold the super key, the shift key, and press the escape key. The default configuration for swaylock will show a grey screen; however, the application is highly customizable and well documented.

In addition, since the swaylock-effects is the version that was installed, there are several options available such as the blur effect, which can be seen using the following command:. There is also the –clock parameter which will display a clock with the date and time on the lock screen. It provides the default options that should be fine for most users. More advanced options are available; see the PAM documentation for more information.

At this point, it is time to test Wayfire and see if it can start up on the system. Just type the following command:. The compositor should now start and display a background image along with a menu bar at the top of the screen. Wayfire will attempt to list installed compatible applications for the desktop and present them in this drop-down menu; for example, if the XFCE-4 file manager is installed, it will show up in this drop-down menu.

If a specific application is compatible and valuable enough for a keyboard shortcut, it may be mapped to a keyboard sequence using the wayfire. Wayfire also has a configuration tool named Wayfire Config Manager.

It is located in the drop-down menu bar but may also be started through a terminal by issuing the following command:. Various Wayfire configuration options, including the composite special effects, maybe enabled, disabled, or configured through this application.

In addition, for a more user-friendly experience, a background manager, panel, and docking application may be enabled in the configuration file:. Changes made through wcm will overwrite custom changes in the wayfire. The wayfire. Finally, the default launcher listed in the wayfire. The Hikari compositor uses several concepts centered around productivity, such as sheets, workspaces, and more. In that way, it resembles a tiling window manager.

Breaking this down, the compositor starts with a single workspace, which is similar to virtual desktops. Hikari uses a single workspace or virtual desktop for user interaction. The workspace is made up of several views, which are the working windows in the compositor grouped as either sheets or groups. Both sheets and groups are made up of a collection of views; again, the windows that are grouped together.

When switching between sheets or groups, the active sheet or group will become known collectively as the workspace. The manual page will break this down into more information on the functions of each but for this document, just consider a single workspace utilizing a single sheet.

Other shells, such as kitty or the Plasma Terminal , will function under Wayland. Users should experiment with their favorite terminal editor to validate compatibility. Hikari uses a configuration file, hikari. An autostart configuration file is not required but may make the migration to this compositor a little easier.

Beginning the configuration is to create the Hikari configuration directory and copy over the configuration file for editing:. The configuration is broken out into various stanzas such as ui, outputs, layouts, and more.

For most users, the defaults will function fine; however, some important changes should be made. Changing this variable or altering the hikari. Will launch the alacritty terminal using the bound key press.

While going through the configuration file, it should be noted that the capital letters are used to map keys out for the user. Mapping other keys to applications require an action definition to be created. For this, the action item should be listed in the actions stanza, for example:.

Then an action may be mapped under the keyboard stanza, which is defined within the bindings stanza:. After Hikari is restarted, holding the Windows logo button and pressing the b key on the keyboard will start the web browser. The compositor does not have a menu bar, and it is recommended the user set up, at minimal, a terminal emulator before migration.

The manual page contains a great deal of documentation it should be read before performing a full migration. Another positive aspect about Hikari is that, while migrating to the compositor, Hikari can be started in the Plasma and GNOME desktop environments, allowing for a test-drive before completely migrating. Locking the screen in Hikari is easy because a default pam. It should be noted that all views not marked public will be hidden. These views will never accept input when locked but beware of sensitive information being visible.

For some users, it may be easier to migrate to a different screen locking utility such as swaylock-effects, discussed in this section. To start Hikari, use the following command:. This example creates an empty 5MB file named newimage :. Next, attach that file to a memory disk, label the memory disk and format it with the UFS file system, mount the memory disk, and verify the size of the file-backed disk:. It takes several commands to create a file- or memory-backed file system using mdconfig.

FreeBSD also comes with mdmfs which automatically configures a memory disk, formats it with the UFS file system, and mounts it. For example, after creating newimage with dd , this one command is equivalent to running the bsdlabel , newfs , and mount commands shown above:.

If the unit number is not specified, mdmfs will automatically select an unused memory device. For more details about mdmfs , refer to mdmfs 8. UFS snapshots allow a user to create images of specified file systems, and treat them as a file. Snapshot files must be created in the file system that the action is performed on, and a user may create no more than 20 snapshots per file system.

Active snapshots are recorded in the superblock so they are persistent across unmount and remount operations along with system reboots. When a snapshot is no longer required, it can be removed using rm 1. While snapshots may be removed in any order, all the used space may not be acquired because another snapshot will possibly claim some of the released blocks. Snapshots are created using mount 8. Some administrators will use a snapshot file for backup purposes, because the snapshot can be transferred to CDs or tape.

The file system integrity checker, fsck 8 , may be run on the snapshot. Assuming that the file system was clean when it was mounted, this should always provide a clean and unchanging result. Running dump 8 on the snapshot will produce a dump file that is consistent with the file system and the timestamp of the snapshot.

The snapshot can be mounted as a frozen image of the file system. Everything will initially be in the same state it was during the snapshot creation time. The only exception is that any earlier snapshots will appear as zero length files. To unmount the snapshot, use:. Disk quotas can be used to limit the amount of disk space or the number of files a user or members of a group may allocate on a per-file system basis. This prevents one user or group of users from consuming all of the available disk space.

This section describes how to configure disk quotas for the UFS file system. In this example, the 1 indicates quota support. If the value is instead 0 , add the following line to a custom kernel configuration file and rebuild the kernel using the instructions in Configuring the FreeBSD Kernel :.

Normally on bootup, the quota integrity of each file system is checked by quotacheck 8. This program insures that the data in the quota database properly reflects the data on the file system. This is a time consuming process that will significantly affect the time the system takes to boot. For example:. To enable group quotas, use groupquota instead.

To enable both user and group quotas, separate the options with a comma:. By default, quota files are stored in the root directory of the file system as quota. Refer to fstab 5 for more information. Specifying an alternate location for the quota files is not recommended. In the normal course of operations, there should be no need to manually run quotacheck 8 , quotaon 8 , or quotaoff 8. However, one should read these manual pages to be familiar with their operation.

There should be a one line summary of disk usage and current quota limits for each file system that quotas are enabled on. Several options are available to enforce limits on the amount of disk space a user or group may allocate, and how many files they may create.

Allocations can be limited based on disk space block quotas , number of files inode quotas , or a combination of both. Each limit is further broken down into two categories: hard and soft limits.

A hard limit may not be exceeded. Once a user reaches a hard limit, no further allocations can be made on that file system by that user. For example, if the user has a hard limit of kbytes on a file system and is currently using kbytes, the user can only allocate an additional 10 kbytes. Attempting to allocate an additional 11 kbytes will fail.

Soft limits can be exceeded for a limited amount of time, known as the grace period, which is one week by default. If a user stays over their limit longer than the grace period, the soft limit turns into a hard limit and no further allocations are allowed. When the user drops back below the soft limit, the grace period is reset. In the following example, the quota for the test account is being edited. The default editor is set to vi. There are normally two lines for each file system that has quotas enabled.

One line represents the block limits and the other represents the inode limits. Change the value to modify the quota limit. Sometimes it is desirable to set quota limits on a range of users. This can be done by first assigning the desired quota limit to a user. The following command will duplicate those quota limits for UIDs 10, through 19, :. For more information, refer to edquota 8. To check individual user or group quotas and disk usage, use quota 1.

A user may only examine their own quota and the quota of a group they are a member of. Only the superuser may view all user and group quotas. To get a summary of all quotas and disk usage for file systems with quotas enabled, use repquota 8. Normally, file systems that the user is not using any disk space on will not show in the output of quota , even if the user has a quota limit assigned for that file system.

Use -v to display those file systems. The following is sample output from quota -v for a user that has quota limits on two file systems. Quotas are enforced by the quota subsystem on the NFS server. The rpc. On the NFS server, enable rpc.

FreeBSD offers excellent online protections against unauthorized data access. File permissions and Mandatory Access Control MAC help prevent unauthorized users from accessing data while the operating system is active and the computer is powered up. Unlike encryption methods that encrypt individual files, the built-in gbde and geli utilities can be used to transparently encrypt entire file systems.

This chapter demonstrates how to create an encrypted file system on FreeBSD. It first demonstrates the process using gbde and then demonstrates the same example using geli. The objective of the gbde 4 facility is to provide a formidable challenge for an attacker to gain access to the contents of a cold storage device. However, if the computer is compromised while up and running and the storage device is actively attached, or the attacker has access to a valid passphrase, it offers no protection to the contents of the storage device.

Thus, it is important to provide physical security while the system is running and to protect the passphrase used by the encryption mechanism. This facility provides several barriers to protect the data stored in each disk sector. Each sector on the disk is encrypted with a different AES key. For more information on the cryptographic design, including how the sector keys are derived from the user-supplied passphrase, refer to gbde 4. Install the new drive to the system as explained in Adding Disks.

The gbde lock file contains information that gbde requires to access encrypted partitions. Without access to the lock file, gbde will not be able to decrypt the data contained in the encrypted partition without significant manual intervention which is not supported by the software. Each encrypted partition uses a separate lock file. A gbde partition must be initialized before it can be used. This initialization needs to be performed only once. This command will open the default editor, in order to set various configuration options in a template.

Once the edit is saved, the user will be asked twice to type the passphrase used to secure the data. The passphrase must be the same both times. The ability of gbde to protect data depends entirely on the quality of the passphrase. This initialization creates a lock file for the gbde partition. Lock files must end in “. Lock files must be backed up together with the contents of any encrypted partitions.

Without the lock file, the legitimate owner will be unable to access the data on the encrypted partition. This command will prompt to input the passphrase that was selected during the initialization of the encrypted partition. Once the encrypted device has been attached to the kernel, a file system can be created on the device.

This example creates a UFS file system with soft updates enabled. After each boot, any encrypted file systems must be manually re-attached to the kernel, checked for errors, and mounted, before the file systems can be used. This requires that the passphrase be entered at the console at boot time. After typing the correct passphrase, the encrypted partition will be mounted automatically.

Additional gbde boot options are available and listed in rc. To detach the encrypted device used in the example, use the following command:. An alternative cryptographic GEOM class is available using geli. This control utility adds some features and uses a different scheme for doing cryptographic work.

It provides the following features:. Utilizes the crypto 9 framework and automatically uses cryptographic hardware when it is available. Allows the root partition to be encrypted. The passphrase used to access the encrypted root partition will be requested during system boot.

Allows backup and restore of master keys. If a user destroys their keys, it is still possible to get access to the data by restoring keys from the backup. Allows a disk to attach with a random, one-time key which is useful for swap partitions and temporary file systems. More features and usage examples can be found in geli 8. The key file will provide some random data used to encrypt the master key. The master key will also be protected by a passphrase. The example describes how to attach to the geli provider, create a file system on it, mount it, work with it, and finally, how to detach it.

Support for geli is available as a loadable kernel module. The following commands generate a master key that all data will be encrypted with. This key can never be changed. Rather than using it directly, it is encrypted with one or more user keys.

It is not mandatory to use both a passphrase and a key file as either method of securing the master key can be used in isolation. If the key file is given as “-“, standard input will be used. For example, this command generates three key files:. An rc. The system will automatically detach the provider from the kernel before the system shuts down. During the startup process, the script will prompt for the passphrase before attaching the provider. Other kernel messages might be shown before and after the password prompt.

If the boot process seems to stall, look carefully for the password prompt among the other messages. Once the correct passphrase is entered, the provider is attached. Like the encryption of disk partitions, encryption of swap space is used to protect sensitive information. Consider an application that deals with passwords. As long as these passwords stay in physical memory, they are not written to disk and will be cleared after a reboot.

However, if FreeBSD starts swapping out memory pages to free space, the passwords may be written to the disk unencrypted. Encrypting swap space can be a solution for this scenario. This section demonstrates how to configure an encrypted swap partition using gbde 8 or geli 8 encryption.

Swap partitions are not encrypted by default and should be cleared of any sensitive data before continuing. To overwrite the current swap partition with random garbage, execute the following command:. To encrypt the swap partition using gbde 8 , add the. To instead encrypt the swap partition using geli 8 , use the. By default, geli 8 uses the AES algorithm with a key length of bits.

Normally the default settings will suffice. The possible flags are:. Data integrity verification algorithm used to ensure that the encrypted data has not been tampered with. See geli 8 for a list of supported algorithms.

Encryption algorithm used to protect the data. The length of the key used for the encryption algorithm. See geli 8 for the key lengths that are supported by each encryption algorithm. The size of the blocks data is broken into before it is encrypted. Larger sector sizes increase performance at the cost of higher storage overhead. The recommended size is bytes. This example configures an encrypted swap partition using the Blowfish algorithm with a key length of bits and a sectorsize of 4 kilobytes:.

Once the system has rebooted, proper operation of the encrypted swap can be verified using swapinfo. If gbde 8 is being used:. If geli 8 is being used:. High availability is one of the main requirements in serious business applications and highly-available storage is a key component in such environments.

Efficient and quick resynchronization as only the blocks that were modified during the downtime of a node are synchronized. Together with CARP, Heartbeat, or other tools, it can be used to build a robust and durable storage system. How to integrate CARP and devd 8 to build a robust storage system. HAST provides synchronous block-level replication between two physical machines: the primary node and the secondary node. These two machines together are referred to as a cluster. Since HAST works in a primary-secondary configuration, it allows only one of the cluster nodes to be active at any given time.

The secondary node is automatically synchronized from the primary node. The physical components of the HAST system are the local disk on primary node, and the disk on the remote, secondary node. HAST operates synchronously on a block level, making it transparent to file systems and applications.

There is no difference between using HAST-provided devices and raw disks or partitions. In such cases, the read operation is sent to the secondary node. HAST tries to provide fast failure recovery. To provide fast synchronization, HAST manages an on-disk bitmap of dirty extents and only synchronizes those during a regular synchronization, with an exception of the initial sync. There are many ways to handle synchronization.

HAST implements several replication modes to handle different synchronization methods:. The data on the remote node will be stored directly after sending the acknowledgement. This mode is intended to reduce latency, but still provides good reliability.

This mode is the default. This is the safest and the slowest replication mode. This is the fastest and the most dangerous replication mode. It should only be used when replicating to a distant node where latency is too high for other modes. The hastd 8 daemon which provides data synchronization. The userland management utility, hastctl 8. The hast. This file must exist before starting hastd.

The following example describes how to configure two nodes in primary-secondary operation using HAST to replicate the data between the two. The nodes will be called hasta , with an IP address of Despite the addition of numerous new features, tools and added functionality, the first iteration of Parallels Desktop for Mac 3.

A Parallels, Inc. Also, SCSI support has not been implemented. It is currently unknown if these features have been abandoned altogether, or if they will show up in a later build of version 3. Build , released on July 17, , [14] added an imaging tool which allowed users to add capacity to their virtual disks. Build , released on September 11, , [15] added some new features and updated some current features. Further, Parallels’ Image Tool was updated to allow one to change their virtual hard disk format between plain and expanding.

Parallels Explorer was updated to allow for one to automatically mount an offline VM hard drive to the Mac desktop. Some new features added are iPhone support in Windows, allowing iTunes in Windows to sync with it. According to Parallels’ Licensing page, Desktop for Mac version 3. Parallels released the modified source code on July 2, , about 2 weeks after the promised release date. Version 4. Parallels Desktop 4.

Starting with the Version 4. Build , released January 9, , [27] includes performance enhancements and features, such as DirectX 9. Also included are usability features such as the ability to share Windows files by dragging them directly to a Mac application in the Mac Dock. Windows can now also automatically start in the background when a user opens a Windows application on the Mac desktop. Officially released on November 4, , Parallels Desktop 5 adds several new features, mainly to improve integration with the host OS.

Build , released on December 21, , added some new features. Officially announced on September 9, and launched on September 14, , Parallel 6 has full bit support for the first time. Officially announced on September 1, and released on September 6, , Parallels Desktop 7 adds many new features.

These include:. Officially announced August 22, and released September 4, , Parallels Desktop 8 adds many new features:. Officially announced on August 29, and released on September 5, , Parallels Desktop 9 for Mac includes these new features and enhancements:.

Less than a year after release of its release, Parallels spokesperson John Uppendahl confirmed version 10 will not be fully compatible with Windows The coherence mode, which integrates the Windows user interface with OS X, will not be updated and users will need to purchase and upgrade to version 11 to continue using this feature. The website currently offers a full price upgrade to Version 13 as a correction, effectively making this version obsolete with the macOS upgrades.

Released August 18, It is also the first solution to bring the upcoming Windows 10 People Bar feature to the Mac, including integration with the Mac Dock and Spotlight. The new version also features up to percent performance improvements for completing certain tasks. The update also brings in a slightly refreshed UI to better match macOS and visual improvements for Windows users on Retina displays.

Released August 11,